American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

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What change is typically observed in septic shock?

Increased central venous pressure (CVP)
Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
Decreased cardiac output (CO)
Decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

The correct answer is: Decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

In septic shock, a significant change that is typically observed is a decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR). This occurs due to widespread vasodilation caused by the release of inflammatory mediators in response to infection. The body's attempt to perfuse tissues and organs results in the dilation of blood vessels, which leads to a reduction in the resistance that the heart must pump against. This compensatory mechanism is intended to enhance blood flow and oxygen delivery to vital organs, even though it may ultimately lead to hypotension and the clinical picture associated with septic shock. In septic shock, while cardiac output may vary, it often can be high initially due to increased heart rate and stroke volume as a compensatory response. However, systemic vascular resistance decreases, reflecting the profound effects of sepsis on the cardiovascular system. Understanding the hemodynamic changes in septic shock is crucial for effective management and treatment of the condition.