American Board of Surgery Qualifying Exam (ABS QE) Practice Test

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In what combination do lactose consist?

  1. Glucose and galactose

  2. Fructose and glucose

  3. Glucose and glucose

  4. Galactose and theanine

The correct answer is: Glucose and galactose

Lactose is a disaccharide sugar found in milk and dairy products, consisting of two monosaccharide units: glucose and galactose. This combination forms lactose through a glycosidic bond between these two sugars. When lactose is digested in the human body, it is broken down into glucose and galactose, which can then be utilized for energy. The other combinations listed do not represent the structure of lactose. Fructose and glucose together form sucrose, which is table sugar. Two glucose molecules linked together create maltose, another disaccharide. Galactose paired with theanine does not represent a known sugar structure; theanine is an amino acid and does not participate in forming disaccharides. Thus, the correct understanding of lactose’s composition is essential in recognizing its biochemical significance and impact on nutrition.

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